Stacy Lyn Jensen

Plotting: The Three-Act-Structure

Writing starts in your mind. In everyone’s mind, what happens is a strange question takes shape. A what if? Question, maybe. Or possibly just a thought about a character. The only difference between writers and regular people, is those strange little questions, or characters that flit through everyone’s minds–in the mind of a writer, those thoughts take root, they end up sprouting until we have to write them down–that’s where plotting: the-three-act-structure may come into play.

Even if you are a pantser (a discovery writer), you will need to keep some form of plot in mind as you spin your yarn. A plotter will have all of this figured out before they start writing, possibly. With the idea that plot is important no matter what kind of writer you are, we will go over the Three-Act-Structure below. You will note the similarities to freytag’s pyramid, which has been discussed previously.

Plotting: The Three-Act-Structure

Act One: Setup

The first act contains exposition (again, I’m going to go back to what I call “a day in the life of…”) When we meet the protagonist and most of the other characters, and we learn about the world they live in. This will also contain the inciting incident. The inciting incident is the thing that happens that starts the plot moving along, an example of this is: in The Stand when the military employee chooses to escape via the malfunctioning gate. The rest of the first act needs to introduce the question that the rest of the work will answer.

Second Act: Rising Action

The second act is where the protagonist tries and fails to answer the question raised in the first act. There needs to conflict and confrontation. There should also be character development, the protagonist, in their struggle to answer the question that arose in the first act, should grow as a person. We, as readers or audience members, should be rooting for them to win at the end of the day. An example: in The Hunger Games, we see Katniss go through all kinds of horrible things during the second act, she almost dies of dehydration, then she gets hit with a fireball, and she gets stung by tracker-jackers. All of this happens before the climax of the story.

The Third Act: Resolution/Climax

The third act is when the question is resolved. The climax should happen during the third act, it should be the most dramatic part of the story, and it should resolve the question posed in the first act. After which the story should be resolved quickly, and the ending should tie up any loose ends or subplots, without too much exposition. An example: at the end of The Shining, we get a brief moment with Danny, his mom, and Mr. Halloran; leaving the readers happy that they all survived the ordeal, all that the readers need.

That is a brief overview of plotting: the three-act-structure. There are many resources for looking at plots, because it is such an important part of the writing process. Just something to keep in mind while wandering through your story, think to yourself if it has the elements it needs to pull your readers along.

Thank you for reading!

Revising and Editing

Finishing anything is kind of a big deal. So, when you finish your novel, short story, poem, blog post; anything. The first order of the moment is a (short or long, depending on the piece of writing) celebration. Then, it’s time to get down to brass tacks with revising and editing.

Revising and Editing Photo by Marina Leonova: https://www.pexels.com/photo/red-textile-in-close-up-photography-7717467/ — Photo by Marina Leonova

I will focus on novel editing and revising, because it’s the biggest, hardest thing to do. However, these can apply to other things. Most of the ideas here can be easily applied to any other thing. I will make a note about revision poems: they’re different. The things that matter for poetry don’t for other types of writing. So some advice may not be useful for budding poets.

Revising and Editing: Editing

Let’s start by talking about editing. There are several kinds of editing that can/should be done with a piece. The types of edits are: developmental editing, line editing, copy editing, and then proofreading.

Developmental Editing

This is the first edit, this is the meat and potato edit where you go through the entire piece and look at it with a critical eye. You will want to look at each part of the book and make sure that everything makes sense as you want it to. You can do this one of two ways, you can either read through the entire piece (hopefully with fresh eyes, meaning that you have put it down for a while, at least 2 weeks) and highlight each area in turn that you find you need to work on. Or, the other option is that you can read your piece several times, each time looking at each part in turn. The parts are:

Parts of a Story

Plot: check that the story you want to tell is making it on the page. Does the plot flow from points A to Z? Can you tell why the characters are acting the way that they are? Do you question anything, any weirdness–make a mark, come back to it later.
Structure: How you tell the story. Maybe it’s chronological, maybe it’s reverse chronological, maybe it skips through time and then doubles back. However, it does it make sure that it does it the way it’s supposed to. Wherever it gets confusing, make a mark.
Characterization: Do the characters act “within character” the whole time? If there are places where you have characters acting differently than they should or making choices that are strange, make a mark.
Pacing: How quickly/slowly does the action take place? Are there places where you are bored, places where everything is moving so quickly that it’s hard to keep track? Make a mark.
Viewpoint: The POV character should not be ambiguous. If you have a work where you have multiple point-of-view characters, it will need to be apparent whose point of the story is from within a sentence or two. If this is confusing, mark it.
Narrative Style: This ties into viewpoint, is the story told in first, second or third person? If it is in First, it shouldn’t switch. If the narrative style is unclear, mark it.
Tense: Is it in past or present-tense. If it is unclear, or switches tenses; mark it.

Mark it?

What do I mean by mark it, and why am I saying “mark it” instead of change it? The very first step in the editing process is to let the work rest. If possible, of course. When you come back to read the work with fresh eyes, then, instead of changing it right away, you will want to make marks on it. These marks could be highlights, they could be changing the color of the text itself. My suggestion would be to mark each item with a different color.

Line Editing

As the name implies, line editing looks more closely at sentences. This type of editing should be done after the developmental edits are already completed. Essentially, the idea is to start big. Start with those ‘big picture’ changes before moving to the smaller, more fiddly changes.

Line edits will look at style, voice and flow. They will look at poor word choice, character-voice issues, inauthentic writing. Other things to look for are poor metaphor choices, overwritten prose, repetition, and this is also where telling v. showing will come in. So, don’t worry about it until you get all the way to the line edit phase of writing.

Editing and Revising Photo by Charlotte May: https://www.pexels.com/photo/crop-faceless-black-person-highlighting-words-in-text-5965705/ — Photo by Charlotte May

Copy editing

This is where you look at the formatting. The copy editing phase is where you would check the chapter sequencing, the spelling of proper nouns, all the grammar and syntax sentence level stuff, and the proper formatting of the document itself.

Sometimes the line edit and the copy edit are performed at the same time.

Proofreading

This is the last pass edit before a document is deemed “good enough.” This is where you look for any weird formatting issues that may have come up, along with searching for sentence consistency and any grammar errors that may have been missed. You pull up the work and make sure that it looks as good as it possibly can before either being sent off to agents or published.

Revising

Revision is the act of making the changes. So, while editing, you will make suggestions. Then, when you start revising, you actually make the changes. Revising goes hand in hand with editing, which is why they are typically mentioned together, although revising should be considered the act of the thing.

When you begin the process, it is perfectly okay to move as slowly or as quickly as you would like. There are people who will write a couple of chapters and then start to revise right away. Personally, I like to write to the end, without revision, and then go from there.

Revision may be its own post one day.

Let me know if you need any more information on revising and editing, or if you would like different information. Thanks for reading!

Grammar Lesson #2: Adjectives

When I was in elementary school, I loved my English classes. When we first discussed adjectives, they were simply called “describing words,” and while it’s a touch more complicated than that, the idea, at it’s core, is true. So, welcome to Grammar Lesson #2: Adjectives.

An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a noun phrase. The adjective can come either before or after the noun or noun phrase it modifies. The adjectives will be called different things depending on their position.

A prepositive adjective comes before the noun or noun phrase (it’s called an antecedent basis).
A postpositive adjective comes after the noun or noun phrase (this would be a predicate adjective).
A nominalized adjective is when an adjective takes the place of a noun.

The way in which the adjective modifies the noun is essentially to describe or to give more information about the noun. The adjective lives to provide the sentence with the description and information that it needs in order to make sense. Adjectives are our friends.

Here are some example sentences using adjectives:

The big tree stood for a hundred years. Prepositive adjective.
The big tree limb stood in my way. Postpositive adjective
Out with the old, in with the new. Nominalized adjective.

In review, adjectives are words that modify nouns or noun phrases. They can come before or after the noun phrase, and they can even take the place of the noun. They modify the noun by describing it, or changing the information that it provides.

Grammar Lesson #2: Adjectives Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/letter-blocks-247819/ — Photo by Pixabay

Thank you for reading grammar lesson #2: adjectives. Let me know if you would like to know about a different part of speech or something completely new.

Daily Writing Habit: Journaling

The other day, I was reading a blog about lies we tell ourselves as writers. One of the lies is that we have nothing to say. The author of the blog called BS on that and said that if you’ve eaten breakfast, you have something to say. I want to take that idea further with the wonderful world of journaling. So, let’s expand our daily writing habit. I’ve talked about how to build habits before, but today, I want to talk about subject matter.

Daily writing habit: journaling Photo by Vinícius Vieira ft: https://www.pexels.com/photo/purple-and-pink-light-digital-wallpaper-4424355/ — Photo by Vinícius Vieira ft

Journaling: Daily Writing Habit

The key to building a habit of writing every day is finding something that works for you. What if the problem isn’t the time or the energy or even the want to write, what if the problem is the concern that you don’t have anything to say? That’s where writing a journal is a great way to get started. All you need is to be among the living.

Tips

Not Fancy

Don’t make it fancy. If one of your issues is that you need to have a particular space to write in, then try and demystify the art of writing. Make your journal entries on the bus, at the zoo, while watching the latest episode of your favorite show. Write them on plain notebook paper, or using an app on your phone, or on a stained napkin. You can start journal entries any and everywhere until the habit is ingrained.

Only for you

Understand that it’s just for you. Journal entries are different than other kinds of writing because they are personal. They are meant to be a kind of free therapy. I mean, at least that’s what I think of them as. Every time I feel like I need to just talk to someone, and I don’t have anyone around that can just be a listening ear, I turn to my journal. My journal has seen some shit, if you will pardon my french, and it never judges me.

No time requirements

You are not required to do it at a certain time. You can stick to one time of day, or several, or change it up. Just like building the habit. This goes back to not being fancy. You don’t need to make sure your entry happens just as the sun is setting over Lake Erie as you drink your first sip of wine for the evening.

It is what you make it

It can contain anything. When I was a teen, I would journal as if someone were going to pick it up and read it, later. As an adult, I know it’s only for myself. Maybe you want to write your journal in Shakespearean sonnets, or haiku. Or you feel like writing your novel in your journal. You can research something and write down your findings in there. Write exactly what you think of every single person in your life, they’ll never see it. You could solve decades-old murders. You can do anything you like. It’s your journal.

At the end of the day, journaling is a great way to get into the habit of writing because they don’t have to be about anything, they don’t have to lead anywhere, it’s really only about getting into the daily writing habit. You may find that you enjoy the benefits of journaling because it has a tendency to be therapeutic and allows you to get at the heart of what you are feeling and why.

The Habit of Writing

Writers write, it’s what they do. But, when you are someone who maybe isn’t a writer YET, but you have the want/nay the need to become such a person, how do you begin? How do you form the habit of writing?

The Habit of Writing, photo by Andre Moura — Photo by Andre Moura:

It’s the easiest/hardest thing. You develop the habit. Day after day, week after week, it’s important to come back to the page and write. In his memoir/writing tips book–On Writing–Stephen King talks about how, when a person decides to be a writer, they need to write instead of having other hobbies. He suggests writing instead of watching T.V., listening to audiobooks while driving, and suggests that the things a person gives up aren’t all that important anyway.

I’m not going to say that you have to give up T.V. in order to be a writer, but I am going to say that writing needs to be important. There are some tips that can be found in any habit-forming self-help book about different ways that you can find time to write even when it feels/seems/is impossible.

Tips for forming the habit of writing

Habit Bundling

This one is called habit bundling, it’s where you take something that you want to do and tack on the thing that you are trying to form the habit of, as well. Then, you only do your wanted thing while doing the thing you are attempting to form as a habit. With the habit of writing, this means maybe you could decide to only listen to your favorite bands while you are writing, or you could “watch” your favorite T.V. show or movies when you are writing. Another option could even be that you eat a favorite food or snack when you are pounding at the keyboard.

Five-minutes

Five-minutes, in this habit-forming technique, you decide to do your habit for five minutes every day for two weeks. So, in this case, you will write every day for two weeks for five minutes. Then, you can decide to up the amount of time, or keep going at the same time, or maybe something different.

The habit of writing, photo by Gratisography — Photo by Gratisography

Getting Ready

Getting ready, this is where you take small steps to prepare to do the thing. In the case of writing, you would prepare by getting your computer or typewriter, or pen and paper out before it’s time to write, you would brew your coffee or open your beer. Because you have already prepped for the writing session, you will be more likely to go through with it.

Decide on a Time

Decide on a time, there are studies that say that the best time for–well, pretty much anything–is in the morning. But, unfortunately, life doesn’t allow us to do everything at once. We need to pick a time to write that fits into our schedules, most of us. Maybe that time is the same every day, or maybe it changes, but what’s important is to intentionally pick a time that will for you.

Tell Someone

Tell someone about your commitment. I’m not the kind of person who likes to share my writing ambitions with people, so I don’t do this one. However, they say that if you share your goal with someone, you are more likely to go through with it. So, if you have a bestie who is likely to help you stay on top of your writing goals. Tell them.

When forming the habit of writing, it’s best to try on different methods. Stick with one option for a couple of weeks, then if the habit is coming along, keep at it. But if it feels awkward or forced, if the practice isn’t getting easier after doing it for two weeks straight, then switch to a different method. The important takeaways are that writing needs to be a priority, you can’t just continue to put it on the bottom of the to-do list and expect that it will eventually start to happen on its own, and that forming a habit is a process in and of itself, and that you have to keep it up in order for the habit to stick.

How to Read like a Writer

As a starting out writer, an aspiring writer, I was constantly told to read. It wasn’t a hard thing for me, and it isn’t to this day. I’ve always been a reader, as are most people who are or want to be writers. The hard part, for most writers’ comes with the other half of well-meant, often repeated advice. Read like a writer. What exactly does that mean? Let’s explore.

Reading like a writer purple picture — Photo by Nick Collins

Before you can read like a writer, you need to start thinking of yourself as a writer. It’s a bit more complicated than that. You can’t just say that you’re a writer now, so anytime you are reading, you are reading like a writer. Some tips to mastering this kind of reading are listed below:

Tips for reading like a writer

When reading like a writer, you will want to focus on an element in the text that you want to figure out or learn how to write well. Maybe you’ve been struggling with structure. You can go to a book that does it well. Then read with that thing in mind. How did they structure their story? What made the structure special in that book? You can take tips on how to structure yours from reading with focus. For example: The Way of Kings begins with a fight scene, and then jumps in time. Every other book in that series has looked at the same night through a different character’s eyes.

Common things to focus on while reading are:

Plot
Point of View
Narration
Atmosphere
Tone
Setting
Characterization
Sentence Structure
Chronography

What is important is that, while reading, you read closely. Reading closely means paying attention to sentence length, word choice, paragraph length. It’s important to take notes. You are not just reading the words and letting them play inside your head, you are not just enjoying the movie that your imagination is lighting up for you. You are dissecting the work, you are learning its secrets.

Another tip is to write out sentences you love. Those amazing pieces of prose from the authors you can’t get enough of, go ahead and copy them down as if you are in grade school again. This will help you to understand their word choices, their sentence structures, and it will give you a better understanding of why the work is so good.

In summary, you will want to pick an element of the text to focus on, then you will want to read closely and take notes so that you can pick apart the text. If there is a particular passage that you love, go ahead and copy it down. Once you have mastered the art of reading like a writer, you will find that your own writing will improve.

Thank you for reading! Are there any other tips for reading like a writer that I’ve forgotten?

Plotting: Freytag’s Pyramid

When thinking about plotting: Freytag’s pyramid is where we begin. We can apply it not only to novels, but to short stories, too. This imagery of plot could even be applied chapter-by-chapter in a novel.

Freytag’s Purple Pyramid Photo by Castorly Stock

There are several sections of plotting: Freytag’s pyramid. Outlined below:

Exposition
Inciting Incident
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Dénouement

Sections of Plotting: Freytag’s Pyramid

Exposition

In the exposition of the story, this is where world building takes place. This is what I think of as the “day in the life of…” section. In a movie, this is where we follow the main character as they go about their day, this is before everything changes. For example: At the beginning of Game of Thrones (the book) they are going to see someone get beheaded. This serves to build the world, and also shows us what life is like for the character.

With today’s audiences, we don’t want to spend too much time on exposition. It is always good advice to: “start as close to the end as you can.”

Inciting Incident

During the inciting incident, something happens that sets the main character on their story-journey. For example: in Harry Potter, Harry receives a letter from Hogwarts school of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The inciting incident can be anything, but it needs to be something that changes the main character, or starts them off on the way to change.

The inciting incident won’t be used if you are applying plotting: Freytag’s pyramid to a chapter in a novel that isn’t the first. This only happens once in a work.

Rising Action

Rising Action is where the meat of the story lives. Every chapter in a novel should raise the tension, bring on another conflict, or have some other complication for the main character and others. For example: In Gone Girl, we find out, about half-way through the book, that one of the characters has been lying the entire time. This effectively raises the tension and also acts as a kind of irony for the reader. We need to see our characters struggle, to fail. We need to worry that they won’t make it out of whatever jam they are in. The tension rises to a fine point.

Plotting: Freytag’s Pyramid Photo by Oleg Magni

Climax

The climax is the point where the tension finally boils over, and is resolved. This is the fight, the declaration of love that is reciprocated in a passionate embrace, this is the moment, near the end of the book/story where everything finally comes together. For example: in IT when the adults are able to finally beat Pennywise and stomp all of its eggs so that it cannot have any babies.

Falling Action

Falling Action/Resolution/dénouement this is the shortest part of the book/story. Essentially, you will want to end the story and get out. Spending too much time resolving the tale can cause readers to sour on the story. We need some resolution, we need to know that they didn’t die, maybe. Or that they got married, or moved in together, or that the killer was arrested, but much more than that is too much. For example: In You, the story ends with the main character setting his sights on another girl. It leaves the reader wanting more, which is what we all want.

Conclusion

This plot device is used to check your writing. You can use it to plot out things, if you want. But there are many other plot options that you can use as a framework for the plot.

Thanks for reading, and let me know if you want more information about plotting: Freytag’s pyramid. I will be putting up other plotting things soon.

Editing: Rewriting

There are different kinds of editing. It’s safe to say that a writer will end up going through several different editing passes, and types when writing almost anything. Right now, I’m going to discuss one type of editing: rewriting.

Rewriting is something that I’ve done a lot of. Typically, when I wrote a paper, I would then look it over, and usually rewrite around 75%. I usually say that I write “into” my first draft. That I figure out what I’m trying to say after I’ve already started.

Editing:Rewriting Photo by Suzy Hazelwood

When you are going into your first edit, it is important to decide what kind of edit you are doing. If you need to do editing: rewriting, there are a few ways to tell right off the bat:

Did your point of view shift?
Has your protagonist changed?
Did you start with one idea and now you are working with a different one?

If the answers to any of these questions is yes, then you will be well-suited to go into the editing:rewriting mode, instead of a revision, or another type of edit that we’ll discuss later (read: line edit, proofread, or even beta read).

How do you go about a rewrite?

The first thing is to determine what you want to keep.
Then, take the things you are getting rid of (unless you are doing a complete overhaul, then just open a new document) and place those in their own document, so nothing is lost.
Go to where the story last made sense, and then you can start outlining from there, or you can just start your rewrite. Depending on what kind of writer you are.

The process can vary. There is a process for rewriting called pancake drafting. This involves making several drafts one after another. You don’t read any draft, and you just keep going until you feel you have it right. I haven’t ever done this, but I have started from scratch with only the story in my head.

Pancake “draft” Photo by Olenka Sergienko

At the end of the day, when it comes to editing: rewriting, there are many ways to go about it. The most important part is to identify that it’s necessary. Then, it’s up to the writer to figure out what works for them.

Thank you for reading, and please let me know if you want to know more about the pancake draft, or anything else! Thanks!

Grammar Lesson #1: Nouns

Why talk about grammar? Especially nouns. In fact, why have a Grammar lesson #1: Nouns? Because, frankly, I don’t know what people may or may not know.

I thought that I knew enough, that I knew all I needed to know when it came to grammar. And I suppose that’s true enough, I get by really well in a business setting. In fact, before I went back to college, I was a supervisor over an “online communications” team. I read and corrected people’s emails and live chats for a living. I made sure that their interactions properly reflected the business and were error-free.

Photo by Dids: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-shot-of-purple-paint-abstract-painting-6404178/

One of the things I learned, is that there’s a lot I don’t know. There are a lot of people who are much better at grammar than me. It is worth continuously reviewing my knowledge, and making sure that I know what I am doing. Especially when it comes to the best ways to put together a sentence.

And so, with those thoughts in mind, let’s talk about nouns.

Grammar lesson #1: Nouns Photo by Pixabay

What are Nouns?

Person
Place
Thing
Idea

Very simply, anytime you are talking about someone, something, somewhere, or an abstract thought; you are using a noun. This is the first building block of grammar and is something so simple that most of us can name what a noun is off the top of our heads. But, as these things go, it is important to “start at the beginning.”

Some examples of nouns are:

We went to school. School is the noun, because it’s a place.
Johnny got a new typewriter. Typewriter is the noun here because it is a thing.
The woman ate an apple. The woman is a person, so she is a noun.
Give me liberty, or give me death. Both liberty and death are ideas, so they are nouns in this context.

And now we have finished Grammar Lesson #1: Nouns.

Congrats! Let me know if you have any questions/comments or would like to see other grammar subjects faster. I am going to start very slowly.